Beyond Tethering the Viral Particles: Immunomodulatory Functions of Tetherin (BST-2).

Abstract

Host response to viral infection is a highly regulated process involving engagement of various host factors, cytokines, chemokines, and stimulatory signals that pave the way for an antiviral immune response. The response is manifested in terms of viral sequestration, phagocytosis, and inhibition of genome replication, and, finally, if required, lymphocyte-mediated clearance of virally infected cells. During this process, cross-talk between viral and host factors can shape disease outcomes and immunopathology. Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST-2), also know as tetherin, is induced by type I interferon produced in response to viral infections, as well as in certain cancers. BST-2 has been shown to be a host restriction factor of virus multiplication through its ability to physically tether budding virions and restrict viral spread. However, BST-2 has other roles in the host antiviral response. This review focuses on the diverse functions of BST-2 and its downstream signaling pathways in regulating host immune responses.

• Authors: Ritudhwaj Tiwari, Juan C de la Torre, Dorian B McGavern, Debasis Nayak
• Journal: DNA and cell biology (DNA Cell Biol) Vol. 38 Issue 11 Pg. 1170-1177 (Nov 2019) ISSN: 1557-7430 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 31502877 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Antigens, CD
• BST2 protein, human
• GPI-Linked Proteins

Topics

• Adaptive Immunity (genetics)
• Animals
• Antigens, CD (genetics, physiology)
• GPI-Linked Proteins (genetics, physiology)
• Host-Pathogen Interactions (genetics, immunology)
• Humans
• Immunomodulation (genetics, immunology)
• Virion (immunology, metabolism)
• Virus Diseases (genetics, immunology)