A nongenomic mechanism for "metalloestrogenic" effects of cadmium in human uterine leiomyoma cells through G protein-coupled estrogen receptor.

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental metal that is reported to be a "metalloestrogen." Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are estrogen-responsive gynecologic neoplasms that can be the target of xenoestrogens. Previous epidemiology studies have suggested Cd may be associated with fibroids. We have shown that Cd can stimulate proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma (ht-UtLM) cells, but not through classical estrogen receptor (ER) binding. Whether nongenomic ER pathways are involved in Cd-induced proliferation is unknown. In the present study, by evaluating G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), ERα36, and phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in human tissues, we found that GPER, ERα36 and phospho-EGFR were all highly expressed in fibroids compared to patient-matched myometrial tissues. In ht-UtLM cells, cell proliferation was increased by low doses of Cd (0.1 µM and 10 µM), and this effect could be inhibited by GPER-specific antagonist (G15) pretreatment, or silencing (si) GPER, but not by siERα36. Cd-activated MAPK was dependent on GPER/EGFR transactivation, through significantly increased phospho-Src, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and MMP9, and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) expression/activation. Also, phospho-Src could interact directly to phosphorylate EGFR. Overall, Cd-induced proliferation of human fibroid cells was through a nongenomic GPER/p-src/EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway that did not directly involve ERα36. This suggests that Cd may be a risk factor for uterine fibroids through cross talk between hormone and growth factor receptor pathways.

• Authors: Jingli Liu, Linda Yu, Lysandra Castro, Yitang Yan, Maria I Sifre, Carl D Bortner, Darlene Dixon
• Journal: Archives of toxicology (Arch Toxicol) Vol. 93 Issue 10 Pg. 2773-2785 (10 2019) ISSN: 1432-0738 [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 31468104 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Estrogen Receptor alpha
• GPER1 protein, human
• Receptors, Estrogen
• Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
• estrogen receptor alpha 36, human
• EGFR protein, human
• ErbB Receptors
• Cadmium Chloride

Topics

• Adult
• Cadmium Chloride (administration & dosage, toxicity)
• Cell Proliferation (drug effects)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• ErbB Receptors (genetics)
• Estrogen Receptor alpha (genetics)
• Female
• Gene Expression Regulation
• Gene Silencing
• Humans
• Leiomyoma (chemically induced, genetics, pathology)
• Middle Aged
• Receptors, Estrogen (genetics)
• Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled (genetics)
• Uterine Neoplasms (chemically induced, genetics, pathology)