Despite the recent onslaught of approved medications in oncology,
acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been a disease state bereft of pharmaceutical development for decades. The long-standing first-line regimen, 7 + 3, was developed in 1973. A group of four physicians at Roswell Park Memorial Institute built upon prior combinations of
daunorubicin and
cytarabine to find the optimal combination of 7 days of
cytarabine and 3 days of
daunorubicin (Lichtman, 2013). This regimen has undergone multiple modifications and patient performance status-based stratifications, but has remained the first-line
therapy for AML for the past 45 years. In September 2017,
gemtuzumab ozogamicin returned to market and shortly thereafter was added to the National Comprehensive
Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines for AML, to be administered in combination with 7 + 3, and as monotherapy for both newly diagnosed and relapsed patients with
acute myeloid leukemia (NCCN, 2018; US Food & Drug Administration, 2017).
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin continues to be explored in various
leukemia settings and is a welcomed addition to the currently available treatment options for AML.