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Armored Inducible Expression of IL-12 Enhances Antitumor Activity of Glypican-3-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy based on chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells has been demonstrated as one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in the treatment of malignancies. However, CAR-T cell therapy has shown limited efficacy for the treatment of solid tumors. This is, in part, because of tumor heterogeneity and a hostile tumor microenvironment, which could suppress adoptively transferred T cell activity. In this study, we, respectively, engineered human- or murine-derived-armored glypican-3 (GPC3)-specific CAR-T cells capable of inducibly expressing IL-12 (GPC3-28Z-NFAT-IL-12) T cells. The results showed that GPC3-28Z-NFAT-IL-12 T cells could lyse GPC3+ tumor cells specifically and increase cytokine secretion compared with GPC3-28Z T cells in vitro. In vivo, GPC3-28Z-NFAT-IL-12 T cells augmented the antitumor effect when encountering GPC3+ large tumor burdens, which could be attributed to IL-12 increasing IFN-γ production, favoring T cells infiltration and persistence. Furthermore, in immunocompetent hosts, low doses of GPC3-m28Z-mNFAT-mIL-12 T cells exerted superior antitumor efficacy without prior conditioning in comparison with GPC3-m28Z T cells. Also, mIL-12 secretion decreased regulatory T cell infiltration in established tumors. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that the inducible expression of IL-12 could boost CAR-T function with less potential side effects, both in immunodeficient and immunocompetent hosts. The inducibly expressed IL-12-armored GPC3-CAR-T cells could broaden the application of CAR-T-based immunotherapy to patients intolerant of lymphodepletion chemotherapy and might provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for patients with GPC3+ cancers.
AuthorsYing Liu, Shengmeng Di, Bizhi Shi, Honghong Zhang, Yi Wang, Xiuqi Wu, Hong Luo, Huamao Wang, Zonghai Li, Hua Jiang
JournalJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) (J Immunol) Vol. 203 Issue 1 Pg. 198-207 (07 01 2019) ISSN: 1550-6606 [Electronic] United States
PMID31142602 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
CopyrightCopyright © 2019 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.
Chemical References
  • GPC3 protein, human
  • GPC3 protein, mouse
  • Glypicans
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
  • Interleukin-12
Topics
  • Animals
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular (immunology, therapy)
  • Glypicans (genetics, immunology, metabolism)
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy, Adoptive (methods)
  • Interleukin-12 (genetics, immunology, metabolism)
  • Liver Neoplasms (immunology, therapy)
  • Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating (physiology, transplantation)
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Protein Engineering
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta (genetics)
  • T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity (genetics)
  • Tumor Microenvironment
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

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