In the pathogenesis of bovine
pneumonic pasteurellosis, immunodepression induced by stress or respiratory
viral infection permits
superinfection of the lungs with Pasteurella hemolytica, which results in exudative fibrinous
pneumonia. Therefore, bovine
pneumonic pasteurellosis was induced by sequential inoculations of calves with bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1, 3 X 10(7) tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50)/nostril), followed 3 days later by challenge with P. hemolytica (15 X 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu) intratracheally). To study the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease, we examined the alterations in plasma
prostaglandins (PG),
thromboxane B2 (TxB2),
histamine,
serotonin and long-chain
fatty acids (LCFA) during BHV-1
infection alone and after challenge exposure to P. hemolytica (i.e. during BHV-1-
pneumonic pasteurellosis). BHV-1
infection alone markedly increased plasma
PGE but modestly elevated
PGF2 alpha, TxB2 and arachidonic, oleic and
palmitic acids. After challenge with P. hemolytica, the levels of plasma arachidonic, oleic, and
palmitic acids, together with
PGE and
6-keto-PGF1 alpha, were elevated markedly, in association with clinical signs of bovine
pneumonic pasteurellosis. However,
PGF2 alpha and
stearic acid increased only transiently whereas TxB2 was unchanged from the control. On the other hand, plasma
linoleic acid,
histamine and
serotonin remained unaltered. These results indicate enhanced
eicosanoid biosynthesis and disproportionate rises in LCFA during BHV-1
pneumonic pasteurellosis. While LCFA are needed for energy metabolism,
eicosanoids may mediate the immunologic, inflammatory and pulmonary vascular reactions leading to the clinico-pathologic features of BHV-1
pneumonic pasteurellosis.