Duration of chronic heart failure affects outcomes with preserved effects of heart rate reduction with ivabradine: findings from SHIFT.

Abstract

AIMS:

In heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction and sinus rhythm, heart rate reduction with ivabradine reduces the composite incidence of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization.

METHODS AND RESULTS:

It is unclear whether the duration of HF prior to therapy independently affects outcomes and whether it modifies the effect of heart rate reduction. In SHIFT, 6505 patients with chronic HF (left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤35%), in sinus rhythm, heart rate of ≥70 b.p.m., treated with guideline-recommended therapies, were randomized to placebo or ivabradine. Outcomes and the treatment effect of ivabradine in patients with different durations of HF were examined. Prior to randomization, 1416 ivabradine and 1459 placebo patients had HF duration of ≥4 weeks and <1.5 years; 836 ivabradine and 806 placebo patients had HF duration of 1.5 years to <4 years, and 989 ivabradine and 999 placebo patients had HF duration of ≥4 years. Patients with longer duration of HF were older (62.5 years vs. 59.0 years; P < 0.0001), had more severe disease (New York Heart Association classes III/IV in 56% vs. 44.9%; P < 0.0001) and greater incidences of co-morbidities [myocardial infarction: 62.9% vs. 49.4% (P < 0.0001); renal dysfunction: 31.5% vs. 21.5% (P < 0.0001); peripheral artery disease: 7.0% vs. 4.8% (P < 0.0001)] compared with patients with a more recent diagnosis. After adjustments, longer HF duration was independently associated with poorer outcome. Effects of ivabradine were independent of HF duration.

CONCLUSIONS:

Duration of HF predicts outcome independently of risk indicators such as higher age, greater severity and more co-morbidities. Heart rate reduction with ivabradine improved outcomes independently of HF duration. Thus, HF treatments should be initiated early and it is important to characterize HF populations according to the chronicity of HF in future trials.

• Authors: Michael Böhm, Michel Komajda, Jeffrey S Borer, Ian Ford, Christoph Maack, Luigi Tavazzi, Aurélie Moyne, Karl Swedberg, SHIFT Investigators
• Journal: European journal of heart failure (Eur J Heart Fail) Vol. 20 Issue 2 Pg. 373-381 (02 2018) ISSN: 1879-0844 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 29027329 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2017 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure © 2017 European Society of Cardiology.

Chemical References

• Cardiovascular Agents
• Ivabradine

Topics

• Cardiovascular Agents (administration & dosage)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Double-Blind Method
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Heart Failure, Systolic (drug therapy, physiopathology)
• Heart Rate (drug effects)
• Hospitalization (trends)
• Humans
• Ivabradine (administration & dosage)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Stroke Volume (drug effects, physiology)
• Time Factors
• Treatment Outcome
• Ventricular Function, Left (drug effects)