Azimexon, a synthetic derivative of the 2-cyanaziridines, was given intravenously daily for 5 days to 19
cancer patients in a Phase I trial designed to determine the
drug's tolerable dose, toxicity, and effects on immune and nonimmune host defense parameters. No myelosuppression, neurologic, renal, hepatic, or gastrointestinal toxicities could be detected. The only toxic side effect observed after 5 days of intravenous
azimexon was a self-limiting dose-dependent
hemolysis. Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) increased from a pretreatment value of 0.96 X 10(3)/microliter to 1.56 X 10(3)/microliter on day 21 (p less than 0.05). This increase was induced primarily by the less hemolytic 200-250 mg/m2 doses of
azimexon. Among 12 patients given this lower dosage. ALC increased from an average initial value of 0.90 X 10(3)/microliter to 1.86 X 10(3)/microliter on day 21 (p less than 0.01). Absolute number of OKT3+ cells increased from 0.524 to 0.914 X 10(3)/microliter (p less than 0.05) with lower
drug doses. The mean absolute number of OKT4+ cells increased from 0.294 on day 0 to 0.574 X 10(3)/microliter on day 21 (p less than 0.05), and the number of OKT8+ cells increased from 0.202 to 0.388 X 10(3)/microliter, with no significant changes in helper/suppressor ratio. Significant increases in mitogenic responses to
phytohemagglutinin (PHA) [from 13.4 to 35.7 X 10(3) net cpm (p less than 0.05)] and to
concanavalin A (con A) [from 6.4 to 25.6 X 10(3) net cpm (p less than 0.05)] were also observed with higher
drug doses.
Azimexon may have a role in managing
cancer-associated dysregulation of the immune response.