Current health risk assessment practice for dietary cadmium: Data from different countries.

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant with high rates of soil-to-plant transference. This makes exposure to Cd through the food-chain contamination a public health concern. Cd accumulates in kidneys, and the most frequently reported adverse effect of long-term Cd intake is injury to kidneys. The FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives established a tolerable dietary intake level and a threshold to safeguard population health. The FAO/WHO tolerable intake was set at 25 μg per kg body weight per month (58 μg per day for a 70-kg person) with urinary Cd threshold at 5.24 μg/g creatinine. Worldwide population data indicate that urinary Cd excretion reflects cumulative Cd exposure or body burden more accurately than estimated Cd intake, derived from total diet study (TDS). For the adult population, TDS estimated Cd intake of 8-25 μg/day, while urinary Cd levels suggest higher intake levels (>30 μg/day). These Cd intake estimates are below the FAO/WHO intake guideline, but they exceed the levels that are associated with distinct pathologies in many organ systems. A wide diversity of Cd toxicity targets and Cd toxicity levels argue for a more restrictive dietary Cd intake guideline and the measures that minimize Cd levels in foodstuffs.

• Authors: Soisungwan Satarug, David A Vesey, Glenda C Gobe
• Journal: Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association (Food Chem Toxicol) Vol. 106 Issue Pt A Pg. 430-445 (Aug 2017) ISSN: 1873-6351 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 28602857 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Cadmium

Topics

• Cadmium (analysis, toxicity)
• Environmental Exposure (adverse effects, analysis)
• Food Contamination (analysis)
• Humans
• Risk Assessment