[A pharmacogenetic analysis of dopaminergic and opioidergic genes in opioid addicts treated with the combination of naltrexone and guanfacine].

Abstract

AIM:

To evaluate an effect of opioid receptor and dopamine system gene polymorphisms on the efficacy of combined treatment with oral naltrexone and guanfacine in a randomized double blinded double dummy placebo controlled clinical trial.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Three hundred and one patients with opioid dependence were randomized into 4 treatment groups: naltrexone 50 mg/day + guanfacine 1 mg/day (N+G); naltrexone + placebo guanfacine (N+GP); placebo naltrexone + guanfacine (NP+G); double placebo (NP+GP). The primary outcome was treatment retention. All enrolled participants were genotyped for polymorphisms in the following genes: mu- (OPRM1), kappa-opioid receptors (OPRK1), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), dopamine receptors types 2 (DRD2) and 4 (DRD4), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and dopamine transporter (SLC6A3, DAT1) and alpha-2-adrenoreceptor (ADRA2A) a pharmacological target of guanfacine.

RESULTS:

The efficacy of the combination of naltrexone and guanfacine was comparable to naltrexone monotherapy. Regardless of treatment, several gene polymorphisms were associated with higher chance to complete the treatment program: allele Т DRD4 - 521 С/Т (rs1800955) (р=0.039; OR (95% CI)=3.7 (1.1-12.7); log-rank test: р=0.01); allele С DRD2 С957Т (rs6277) (р=0.03; HR=0.6 (0.34-0.95); genotype combination: DRD4 VNTR (LL) + OPRM1 A118G (rs1799971) (AA), р=0.051; DRD2 C957T (ТТ) + OPRM1 (rs1074287) (СС), р=0.025; DRD2 - 141С (II) + OPRM1 (rs510769) (АА), р=0.035; DBH Fau(СС) + OPRM1 (rs1074287) (СС), р=0.0497. Regardless of treatment several polymorphisms were associated with high risk of relapse: allele Т (rs510769) OPRM1 (р=0.053), allele А (rs1799971, A118G) OPRM1 (р=0.056), allele S exon III 48 bp DRD4 VNTR (р=0.001; HR=3.1 (ДИ 95% 1.57-6.18); genotype combinations: DRD4 - 521 С/Т (ТТ) + DRD2 Nco I (TT), р=0.026; DRD4 -521 С/Т (ТТ) + DRD2 -141 С (II), р=0.011; DRD4 - 521 С/Т (ТТ) + OPRM1 A118G (rs1799971) (AA), р=0.011; DRD2 Nco I(ТТ) + ADRA2A (СС), р=0.012; DRD2 Nco I(ТТ) + OPRM1 A118G (AA), р=0.02. The effects dependent on the treatment group were as follows: 1) in the N+G group, patients with the DRD4 -521 С/Т TT genotype had higher probability of completion of treatment program in comparison with other genotypes (CC and CT) (log-rank test: p=0.002); 2) in NP + GP group, patients with the OPRM1 rs510769 T allele had higher risk of relapse compared to the genotype GG (p=0.008) (FDR p<0.0125).

CONCLUSION:

The additive effect of opioid receptor genes and dopaminergic system genes on outcomes of treatment opioid dependence with oral naltrexone and guanfacine was shown. Pharmacological effects of naltrexone and guanfacine were associated with genetic variants of the DRD4 - 521C/T polymorphism, since its effect was shown only in the N+G group. The effect of the OPRM1 rs510769 polymorphism was demonstrated in the double placebo group that was associated with personality traits (temperament, character) and determined compliance. Genetic analysis is useful for determining potential responders to treatment of opioid dependence; genotyping can increase the efficacy of pharmacotherapy.

• Authors: А О Kibitov, Е М Krupitsky, Е А Blokhina, Е V Verbitskaya, V М Brodyansky, N P Alekseeva, N М Bushara, Т S Yaroslavtseva, V Yа Palatkin, D V Masalov, А М Burakov, Т N Romanova, G Yu Sulimov, A Yа Grinenko, Т Kosten, D Nielsen, E E Zvartau
• Journal: Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova) 2016 Vol. 116 Issue 11. Vyp. 2 Pg. 36-48 ISSN: 1997-7298 [Print] Russia (Federation)
• Vernacular Title: Farmakogeneticheskii analiz vliyaniya genov dofaminovoi i opioidnoi sistem na effektivnost' kombinirovannoi terapii naltreksonom i guanfatsinom bol'nykh opioidnoi zavisimost'yu.
• PMID: 28300812 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial)

Chemical References

• Analgesics, Opioid
• DRD2 protein, human
• Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
• Narcotic Antagonists
• Receptors, Dopamine D2
• Receptors, Opioid, mu
• SLC6A3 protein, human
• Guanfacine
• Naltrexone
• Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase
• COMT protein, human
• Catechol O-Methyltransferase

Topics

• Alleles
• Analgesics, Opioid
• Catechol O-Methyltransferase (genetics)
• Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
• Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase (genetics)
• Exons
• Genetic Variation
• Genotype
• Guanfacine (therapeutic use)
• Humans
• Naltrexone (therapeutic use)
• Narcotic Antagonists (therapeutic use)
• Opioid-Related Disorders (drug therapy, genetics)
• Pharmacogenomic Testing
• Polymorphism, Genetic
• Receptors, Dopamine D2 (genetics)
• Receptors, Opioid, mu (genetics)