GM2 gangliosidosis, a subset of lysosomal storage disorders, is caused by a deficiency of the
glycohydrolase, β-N-acetylhexosaminidase, and includes the closely related Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. The
enzyme deficiency prevents the normal, stepwise degradation of
ganglioside, which accumulates unchecked within the cellular lysosome, particularly in neurons. As a result, individuals with
GM2 gangliosidosis experience progressive neurological diseases including motor deficits, progressive weakness and
hypotonia, decreased responsiveness, vision deterioration, and
seizures. Mice and cats are well-established animal models for
Sandhoff disease, whereas Jacob sheep are the only known laboratory animal model of
Tay-Sachs disease to exhibit clinical symptoms. Since the human diseases are relatively rare, animal models are indispensable tools for further study of pathogenesis and for development of potential treatments. Though no effective treatments for
gangliosidoses currently exist, animal models have been used to test promising
experimental therapies. Herein, the utility and limitations of
gangliosidosis animal models and how they have contributed to the development of potential new treatments are described.