Preliminary evidences suggest that both the frequency of
ischemic heart disease and the plasma
cholesterol levels are increasing in the Spanish population, whose dietary habits are becoming progressively "westernized". In the present work we used the food frequency method to evaluate the dietary habits of 30 hypercholesterolemic subjects. These and another 65 free-living individuals of both sexes, ages 18-77 yrs, with plasma
cholesterol 301 +/- 41 mg/dl or 7.80 +/- 1.06 mmol/l (means +/- SD) were submitted to a hypolipidemic diet similar to the
mediterranean diet in order to assess effects on plasma
lipids and
lipoprotein cholesterol. The usual diet contained (% kcal/day): total fat 37, saturated fat (S) 12, monoinsaturated
fat 16 and poliinsaturated fat (P) 6, with P/S = 0.5 and a daily
cholesterol intake of 506 mg. During dietary intervention, respective changes were: -7%, -5%, -1%, +2%, +0.6, and -304 mg. After a 3 - month dietary period, significant (p less than 0.001) decreases occurred in total plasma
cholesterol (-40 mg/dl or -1.04 mmol/l, -14%),
LDL-cholesterol (-35 mg/dl or -0.91 mmol/l, -16%) and
triglycerides (-5 mg/dl or -0.28 mmol/l, -14%), while
HDL-cholesterol and
body weight did not change. Similar effects were obtained when diet was continued for 1 yr in a subgroup of 40 individuals. The responses of plasma
cholesterol to dietary change had a normal distribution, with 17% hyporresponses and 15% hyperresponses. A marked decrease (-36%) of plasma
triglycerides was observed in 12 subjects with IIb
hyperlipidemia. The total
cholesterol/HDL-
cholesterol and
LDL-cholesterol/
HDL-cholesterol ratios improved in both men and women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)