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Green Chemistry Approach for Synthesis of Effective Anticancer Palladium Nanoparticles.

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design and synthesize Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) using an environmentally friendly approach and evaluate the in vitro efficacy of PdNPs in human ovarian cancer A2780 cells. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used to monitor the conversion of Pd(II) ions to Pd(0)NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the crystallinity of the as-synthesized PdNPs and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) further confirmed the role of the leaf extract of Evolvulus alsinoides as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of PdNPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the average size of the NPs was 5 nm. After a 24-h exposure to PdNPs, cell viability and light microscopy assays revealed the dose-dependent toxicity of the PdNPs. Furthermore, the dose-dependent cytotoxicity of the PdNPs was confirmed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activation of PdNPs-induced autophagy, impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), enhanced caspase-3 activity, and detection of TUNEL-positive cells. Our study demonstrates a single, simple, dependable and green approach for the synthesis of PdNPs using leaf extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides. Furthermore, the in vitro efficacy of PdNPs in human ovarian cancer cells suggests that it could be an effective therapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
AuthorsSangiliyandi Gurunathan, EunSu Kim, Jae Woong Han, Jung Hyun Park, Jin-Hoi Kim
JournalMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) (Molecules) Vol. 20 Issue 12 Pg. 22476-98 (Dec 15 2015) ISSN: 1420-3049 [Electronic] Switzerland
PMID26694334 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Plant Extracts
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Reducing Agents
  • Palladium
  • L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
  • palladium chloride
Topics
  • Antineoplastic Agents (chemical synthesis, pharmacology)
  • Autophagy
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Shape (drug effects)
  • Convolvulaceae (chemistry)
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Green Chemistry Technology
  • Humans
  • L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (metabolism)
  • Nanoparticles (chemistry)
  • Palladium (chemistry, pharmacology)
  • Particle Size
  • Plant Extracts (chemistry)
  • Reactive Oxygen Species (metabolism)
  • Reducing Agents (chemistry)

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