Abstract | OBJECTIVE: The burden of cancer among persons living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA) is substantial and increasing. We assessed the prevalence of modifiable cancer risk factors among adult PLWHA in Western high-income countries since 2000. DESIGN: Meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched PubMed to identify articles published in 2011-2013 reporting prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight/ obesity, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among PLWHA. We conducted random effects meta-analyses of prevalence for each risk factor, including estimation of overall, sex-specific, and HIV-transmission-group-specific prevalence. We compared prevalence in PLWHA with published prevalence estimates in US adults. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 113 publications. Overall summary prevalence estimates were current smoking, 54% [95% confidence interval (CI) 49-59%] versus 20-23% in US adults; cervical high-risk HPV infection, 46% (95% CI 34-58%) versus 29% in US females; oral high-risk HPV infection, 16% (95% CI 10-23%) versus 4% in US adults; anal high-risk HPV infection (men who have sex with men), 68% (95% CI 57-79%), with no comparison estimate available; chronic HCV infection, 26% (95% CI 21-30%) versus 0.9% in US adults; and HBV infection, 5% (95% CI 4-5%) versus 0.3% in US adults. Overweight/ obesity prevalence (53%; 95% CI 46-59%) was below that of US adults (68%). Meta-analysis of alcohol consumption prevalence was impeded by varying assessment methods. Overall, we observed considerable study heterogeneity in prevalence estimates. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of smoking and oncogenic virus infections continues to be extraordinarily high among PLWHA, indicating a vital need for risk factor reduction efforts.
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Authors | Lesley S Park, Raúl U Hernández-Ramírez, Michael J Silverberg, Kristina Crothers, Robert Dubrow |
Journal | AIDS (London, England)
(AIDS)
Vol. 30
Issue 2
Pg. 273-91
(Jan 2016)
ISSN: 1473-5571 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 26691548
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
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Topics |
- Adult
- Developed Countries
- Female
- HIV Infections
(complications)
- Hepatitis B, Chronic
(complications, epidemiology)
- Hepatitis, Chronic
(complications, epidemiology)
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms
(epidemiology, etiology)
- Papillomavirus Infections
(complications, epidemiology)
- Prevalence
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Smoking
(adverse effects)
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