Effects of
zinc in
gastric ulcer have been reviewed through investigations carried out on
zinc acexamate (ZAC). ZAC is an organic compound that has been shown to possess an experimental antiulcer effect and a wide therapeutic index, making it a useful
drug in the treatment of
peptic ulcer disease. ZAC protects from ulceration in several experimental models such as pylorus occlusion,
reserpine-induced
ulcer, necrotizing agents, PAF-induced
ulcer and cold-restraint stress. ZAC first reduces the gastric acid output by inhibiting the mast cell degranulation, an action likely to be mediated through a membrane stabilizing action. Secondly, it enhances the mucosal protection factors by increasing mucus secretion, inhibiting the H+ retrodiffusion and improving microcirculation. ZAC is also effective in
acetic acid-induced chronic
ulcer, restoring the continuity of the damaged mucosa. Several clinical trials have shown the usefulness of ZAC in acute and maintenance treatment of both gastric and
duodenal ulcers. Endoscopic studies showed that ZAC reduced the inflammatory processes (
gastritis and
duodenitis) associated with
ulcer healing. This reduction was statistically significant and not observed with other comparative treatments (H2-antagonists). The observed side-effects were minimal and affected less than 2% of treated patients. The pharmacological profile, clinical effectiveness and good tolerance of ZAC suggest this compound as an interesting option in the treatment of peptic disease.