Refractive errors are frequently found following
cataract surgery and refractive lens exchange. Accurate biometric analysis, selection and calculation of the adequate
intraocular lens (IOL) and modern techniques for
cataract surgery all contribute to achieving the goal of
cataract surgery as a refractive procedure with no
refractive error. However, in spite of all these advances, residual
refractive error still occasionally occurs after
cataract surgery and
laser in situ keratomileusis (
LASIK) can be considered the most accurate method for its correction. Lens-based procedures, such as IOL exchange or piggyback lens implantation are also possible alternatives especially in cases with extreme
ametropia, corneal abnormalities, or in situations where
excimer laser is unavailable. In our review, we have found that piggyback IOL is safer and more accurate than IOL exchange. Our aim is to provide a review of the recent literature regarding target refraction and residual
refractive error in
cataract surgery.