Reducing the consumption of
saturated fatty acids to a level as low as possible is a European public health recommendation to reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease. The association between dietary intake of
saturated fatty acids and development and management of
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), however, is a matter of debate. A literature search was performed to identify prospective studies and clinical trials in humans that explored the association between dietary intake of
saturated fatty acids and risk of
insulin resistance and T2DM. Furthermore, to assess whether specific foods, and not just the
saturated fatty acid content of the food matrix, can have differential effects on human health, the relationship between consumption of full-fat dairy products, a main source of dietary
saturated fatty acids, and risk of
insulin resistance and T2DM was studied. There is no evidence that dietary
saturated fatty acids from varied food sources affect the risk of
insulin resistance or T2DM, nor is intake of full-fat dairy products associated with this risk. These findings strongly suggest that future studies on the effects of dietary
saturated fatty acids should take into account the complexity of the food matrix. Furthermore, communication on saturated
fats and their health effects should be prudent and well informed.