The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a BOLD study.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Saudi adults aged ⩾40 years using standardised post-bronchodilator spirometry according to the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) protocol.

METHODS:

Saudi men and women aged ⩾40 years were recruited by stratified multistage random sampling in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and exposure to risk factors for COPD. Spirometry was performed according to standard methods. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity) ratio <70% (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD]) or less than the lower limit of normal (LLN) (95(th) percentile) of the population distribution for FEV1/FVC.

RESULTS:

Seven hundred subjects underwent acceptable post-bronchodilator spirometry. The overall prevalence of GOLD COPD was 4.2% (men 5.7%, women 2.5%). The overall prevalence of COPD stage 1 or higher using the LLN was lower than estimates using the GOLD criteria (3.2%). The overall prevalence of GOLD stage 2 or higher COPD was 3.7%. Male sex, increasing age and smoking were significantly associated with COPD diagnosis.

CONCLUSION:

The overall prevalence of COPD in Saudi Arabia is 4.2%. Male, increasing age and smoking were the main risk factors for COPD.

• Authors: M Al Ghobain, E H Alhamad, H S Alorainy, F Al Kassimi, H Lababidi, M S Al-Hajjaj
• Journal: The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (Int J Tuberc Lung Dis) Vol. 19 Issue 10 Pg. 1252-7 (Oct 2015) ISSN: 1815-7920 [Electronic] France
• PMID: 26459542 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Bronchodilator Agents

Topics

• Adult
• Age Factors
• Aged
• Bronchodilator Agents (therapeutic use)
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Forced Expiratory Volume
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Prevalence
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive (drug therapy, epidemiology, etiology)
• Risk Factors
• Saudi Arabia (epidemiology)
• Sex Factors
• Smoking (adverse effects, epidemiology)
• Spirometry
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Vital Capacity