Antitumor Activity of Garcinol in Human Prostate Cancer Cells and Xenograft Mice.

Abstract	Garcinol, which is isolated from fruit rinds of Garcinia indica, is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone. It has been studied for its antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy in human prostate cancer cells. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased when garcinol was applied to PC-3 cells indicating a presence of apoptosis. Meanwhile, procaspases-9 and -3 were suppressed with attenuating PARP and DFF-45. Autophagy was inhibited through activating p-mTOR and p-PI3 Kinase/AKT by garcinol, which as a result induced the cells to apoptosis directly. In addition, the apoptosis effect of garcinol in a xenograft mouse model was also tested, suggesting a consistent result with PC-3 cell model. The tumor size was reduced more than 80 percent after the mouse accepted the garcinol treatment. Garcinol was demonstrated to have a strong antitumor activity through inhibiting autophagy and inducing apoptosis, which was discovered for the first time. Based on these findings, our data suggests that garcinol deserves further investigation as a potent chemopreventive agent.
Authors	Yu Wang, Mei-Ling Tsai, Li-Yu Chiou, Chi-Tang Ho, Min-Hsiung Pan
Journal	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (J Agric Food Chem) Vol. 63 Issue 41 Pg. 9047-52 (Oct 21 2015) ISSN: 1520-5118 [Electronic] United States
PMID	26442822 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Antineoplastic Agents Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins Proteins Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 Terpenes caspase-activated DNase inhibitor Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases garcinol
Topics	Animals Antineoplastic Agents (administration & dosage) Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins Cell Line, Tumor Garcinia (chemistry) Humans Male Mice Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases (genetics, metabolism) Prostatic Neoplasms (drug therapy, genetics, metabolism, physiopathology) Proteins (genetics, metabolism) Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 (genetics, metabolism) Terpenes (administration & dosage) Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

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