Flavokawains are
chalcones that can be found in the root extracts of the kava-kava (Piper methysticum) plant.
Flavokawain A and
flavokawain B are known to possess potential anti-
inflammation and anti-
cancer activities. Nevertheless, the effects of both these compounds on the normal function of the host have not been studied. There is a need to find agents that can enhance the functionality of the immune system without disturbing the homeostatic balance. This study aimed to determine the toxicity and immunomodulatory effects of
flavokawain A and
flavokawain B on Balb/c mice. Several assays were conducted, the MTT viability assay,
cytokine detection (IL-2 and TNF-α), immunophenotyping of important
immune markers, serum biochemical analysis and detection of
nitric oxide levels. Based on our results,
flavokawain A and B did not cause mortality and all mice were observed normal after the treatment period. Both flavokawains stimulated splenocyte proliferation, the secretion of
IL-2 and TNF-α and raised the population of T cell subsets without significantly altering the level of several serum biochemical parameters. Overall,
flavokawain A and B could serve as potential immune-modulator drugs without causing any toxicity, however further in vivo evidence is needed.