Numerous specific age-related morbidities have been correlated with low intake and serum levels of
tocopherols and
tocotrienols. We performed a review in order to evaluate the extant evidence regarding: (1) the association between intake and serum levels of
tocopherols and
tocotrienols and age-related pathologies (
osteoporosis,
sarcopenia and
cognitive impairment); and (2) the optimum
diet therapy or supplementation with
tocopherols and
tocotrienols for the treatment of these abnormalities. This review included 51 eligible studies. The recent literature underlines that, given the detrimental effect of low intake and serum levels of
tocopherols and
tocotrienols on bone, muscle mass, and cognitive function, a change in the lifestyle must be the cornerstone in the prevention of these specific age-related pathologies related to
vitamin E-deficient status. The optimum
diet therapy in the elderly for avoiding
vitamin E deficiency and its negative correlates, such as high
inflammation and oxidation, must aim at achieving specific nutritional goals. These goals must be reached through: accession of the elderly subjects to specific personalized dietary programs aimed at achieving and/or maintaining
body weight (avoid
malnutrition); increase their intake of food rich in
vitamin E, such as derivatives of oily seeds (in particular
wheat germ oil),
olive oil, hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, and cereals rich in
vitamin E (such as specific rice cultivar rich in
tocotrienols) or take
vitamin E supplements. In this case,
vitamin E can be correctly used in a personalized way either for the outcome from the pathology or to achieve healthy aging and longevity without any adverse effects.