Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Nonapnea Sleep Disorders in Using Different Types of Hypnotics: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

Abstract

There has been insufficient evidence on whether exposure to hypnotics affects the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to examine patients with nonapnea sleep disorders using zolpidem, benzodiazepines (BZDs), or a combination of both, and their risk of T2DM. This was a population-based retrospective cohort study using data from 1997 to 2011. Data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were employed for this study. A total of 45,602 patients with nonapnea sleep disorders and use of hypnotics were identified as the study cohort. The control cohort comprised 40,799 age- and sex-matched patients. We conducted a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to estimate the effects of hypnotics on risk of T2DM. The overall incidence of T2DM was 20.1 per 1000 person-years for patients using zolpidem, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (11.9 per 1000 person-years). Overall, patients with nonapnea sleep disorders using zolpidem had a higher risk of T2DM compared with patients not using zolpidem and the control cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35-1.48). We also observed a significantly higher risk of T2DM in patients with both zolpidem and BZD use (adjusted HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.64-1.91) than that of those without zolpidem use and BZD use. Compared with patients not using hypnotics, patients using zolpidem had a higher risk of developing T2DM; the risk was particularly pronounced in those using both zolpidem and BZDs.

• Authors: Chia-Ling Lin, Mei-Chang Yeh, Tomor Harnod, Cheng-Li Lin, Chia-Hung Kao
• Journal: Medicine (Medicine (Baltimore)) Vol. 94 Issue 38 Pg. e1621 (Sep 2015) ISSN: 1536-5964 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 26402831 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Hypnotics and Sedatives
• Pyridines
• Benzodiazepines
• Zolpidem

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Benzodiazepines (adverse effects)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (chemically induced)
• Drug Interactions
• Female
• Humans
• Hypnotics and Sedatives (adverse effects)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Pyridines (adverse effects)
• Retrospective Studies
• Risk Factors
• Sleep Wake Disorders (complications, drug therapy)
• Zolpidem