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Targeting Glutamine Induces Apoptosis: A Cancer Therapy Approach.

Abstract
Glutamine metabolism has been proved to be dysregulated in many cancer cells, and is essential for proliferation of most cancer cells, which makes glutamine an appealing target for cancer therapy. In order to be well used by cells, glutamine must be transported to cells by specific transporters and converted to glutamate by glutaminase. There are currently several drugs that target glutaminase under development or clinical trials. Also, glutamine metabolism restriction has been proved to be effective in inhibiting tumor growth both in vivo and vitro through inducing apoptosis, growth arrest and/or autophagy. Here, we review recent researches about glutamine metabolism in cancer, and cell death induced by targeting glutamine, and their potential roles in cancer therapy.
AuthorsLian Chen, Hengmin Cui
JournalInternational journal of molecular sciences (Int J Mol Sci) Vol. 16 Issue 9 Pg. 22830-55 (Sep 22 2015) ISSN: 1422-0067 [Electronic] Switzerland
PMID26402672 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
Chemical References
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • Glutamine
  • Glutaminase
  • ras Proteins
Topics
  • Animals
  • Apoptosis (drug effects)
  • Enzyme Inhibitors (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Glutaminase (antagonists & inhibitors, genetics, metabolism)
  • Glutamine (metabolism)
  • Humans
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (genetics, metabolism)
  • Neoplasms (genetics, metabolism, pathology, therapy)
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc (genetics, metabolism)
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 (genetics, metabolism)
  • ras Proteins (genetics, metabolism)

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