Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Sulfonamide Analogues of Antofine and Cryptopleurine as Potent and Orally Active Antitumor Agents.

Abstract	Due to their profound antiproliferative activity and unique mode of action, phenanthroindolizidine and phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids, represented by antofine and cryptopleurine, have attracted attention recently as potential therapeutic agents. We have designed, synthesized, and evaluated the methanesulfonamide analogues of these natural alkaloids with the hope of improving their druglikeness. The analogues showed enhanced growth inhibition of human cancer cells compared with the parent natural products. In particular, a methanesulfonamide analogue of cryptopleurine (5b) exhibited improved bioavailability and significant antitumor activity, which suggests that 5b is a promising new anticancer agent. Our studies suggest that the inhibition of cancer cell growth by 5b is associated with the induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest via nicotinamide N-methyltransferase-dependent JNK activation in Caki-1 renal cancer cells. In addition, compound 5b significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of Caki-1 cancer cells by modulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
Authors	Yongseok Kwon, Jayoung Song, Honggu Lee, Eun-Yeong Kim, Kiho Lee, Sang Kook Lee, Sanghee Kim
Journal	Journal of medicinal chemistry (J Med Chem) Vol. 58 Issue 19 Pg. 7749-62 (Oct 08 2015) ISSN: 1520-4804 [Electronic] United States
PMID	26393416 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Alkaloids Antineoplastic Agents Indoles Phenanthrolines Sulfonamides antofine methanesulfonamide cryptopleurine NNMT protein, human Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase
Topics	Administration, Oral Alkaloids (chemistry, pharmacology) Animals Antineoplastic Agents (administration & dosage, chemistry, pharmacology) Biological Availability Cell Cycle (drug effects) Cell Line, Tumor Cell Movement (drug effects) Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor Female Humans Indoles (chemistry, pharmacology) MAP Kinase Signaling System (drug effects) Male Mice, Inbred ICR Mice, Nude Molecular Structure Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (genetics, metabolism) Phenanthrolines (chemistry, pharmacology) Structure-Activity Relationship Sulfonamides (chemistry, pharmacology)

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