Abstract | INTRODUCTION:
Chemotherapy is one of the preferred mode of treatment of malignancies, but is complicated by the expression of diverse resistance mechanisms of cancer cells. METHODS: In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of five alkaloids including a furoquinoline montrofoline (1) and four acridones namely 1-hydroxy-4-methoxy-10-methylacridone (2), norevoxanthine (3), evoxanthine (4), 1,3-dimethoxy-10-methylacridone (5) against 9 drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect caspase activation. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were all analyzed via flow cytometry. RESULTS: Furoquinoline 1 as well as the acridone alkaloids 2-5 displayed cytotoxic effects with IC50 values below 138 µM on all the 9 tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values ranged from 41.56 µM (towards hepatocarinoma HepG2 cells) to 90.66 µM [towards colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53(-/-)) cells] for 1, from 6.78 µM [towards HCT116 (p53(-/-)) cells) to 106.47 µM [towards breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells] for 2, from 5.72 µM (towards gliobastoma U87MG.ΔEGFR cells) to 137.62 µM (towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells] for 3, from 6.11 µM [towards HCT116 (p53(+/+)) cells] to 80.99 µM (towards HepG2 cells] for 4, from 3.38 µM (towards MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) to 58.10 µM (towards leukemia CEM/ADR5000 cells] for 5 and from 0.20 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 195.12 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. Acridone alkaloid 5 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells, mediated by increased ROS production. CONCLUSIONS: The five tested alkaloids and mostly acridone 5 are potential cytotoxic natural products that deserve more investigations to develop novel cytotoxic compounds against multifactorial drug-resistant cancers.
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Authors | Victor Kuete, Hugues Fouotsa, Armelle T Mbaveng, Benjamin Wiench, Augustin E Nkengfack, Thomas Efferth |
Journal | Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
(Phytomedicine)
Vol. 22
Issue 10
Pg. 946-51
(Sep 15 2015)
ISSN: 1618-095X [Electronic] Germany |
PMID | 26321744
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Acridones
- Alkaloids
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
- Reactive Oxygen Species
- Caspases
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Topics |
- Acridones
(chemistry, pharmacology)
- Alkaloids
(chemistry, pharmacology)
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
(pharmacology)
- Apoptosis
(drug effects)
- Caspases
(metabolism)
- Cell Cycle
(drug effects)
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
(drug effects)
- Molecular Structure
- Reactive Oxygen Species
(metabolism)
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