Coccidian protozoa of Cyclospora cayetanensis are obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasites that infect the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine of immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. A 25- years old woman from around, Tehran with complaint of faintness and
fatigue with HIV positive/
AIDS confirmed eight months ago was admitted in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2014. The patient suffered from intestinal and lung symptoms like watery
diarrhea, flu-like symptoms. The stool was examined by direct preparation and concentration technique, stained with modified
acid-fast staining method, and observed with light and then Immunofluorescence microscope. The stool cultivation was made in
dichromate potassium medium and diagnosis of
Cyclospora infection was finally made according to observation of Cyclospora oocysts almost 10 μm in
acid-fast staining method and autofluorescence of Cyclospora under Immunofluorescence microscope. The patient was initially treated with
azithromycin,
tazocin and fluconazol because of lung lesions and
diarrhea and relative remission was observed. Cyclospora sp. causes an intestinal
infection particularly in immunocompromised patients.