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In Vivo Anti-Tumor Effects of Flavokawain A in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell-Challenged Mice.

Abstract
Flavokawain A is a chalcone that can be found in the kava-kava plant (Piper methsyticum) extract. The kava-kava plant has been reported to possess anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The state of the immune system, and the inflammatory process play vital roles in the progression of cancer. The immunomodulatary effects and the anti-inflammatory effects of flavokawain A in a breast cancer murine model have not been studied yet. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the basic mechanism as to how flavokawain A regulates and enhance the immune system as well as impeding the inflammatory process in breast cancer-challenged mice. Based on our study, it is interesting to note that flavokawain A increased the T cell population; both Th1 cells and CTLs, aside from the natural killer cells. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 were also elevated in the serum of flavokawain A-treated mice. Apart from that, flavokawain A also decreased the weight and volume of the tumor, and managed to induce apoptosis in them. In terms of inflammation, flavokawain A-treated mice had reduced level of major pro-inflammatory mediators; NO, iNOS, NF-KB, ICAM and COX-2. Overall, flavokawain A has the potential to not only enhance antitumor immunity, but also prevents the inflammatory process in a cancer-prone microenvironment.
AuthorsNadiah Abu, Nurul Elyani Mohamed, Swee Keong Yeap, Kian Lam Lim, M Nadeem Akhtar, Aimi Jamil Zulfadli, Beh Boon Kee, Mohd Puad Abdullah, Abdul Rahman Omar, Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
JournalAnti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry (Anticancer Agents Med Chem) Vol. 15 Issue 7 Pg. 905-15 ( 2015) ISSN: 1875-5992 [Electronic] Netherlands
PMID26179368 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Immunologic Factors
  • Interleukin-2
  • flavokawain A
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Chalcone
  • Interferon-gamma
Topics
  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents (therapeutic use)
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement (drug effects)
  • Cell Proliferation (drug effects)
  • Chalcone (analogs & derivatives, therapeutic use)
  • Female
  • Immunologic Factors (therapeutic use)
  • Inflammation (immunology, metabolism)
  • Interferon-gamma (blood)
  • Interleukin-2 (blood)
  • Killer Cells, Natural (drug effects, immunology)
  • Mammary Neoplasms, Animal (drug therapy, immunology, pathology)
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Nitric Oxide (metabolism)
  • T-Lymphocytes (drug effects, immunology)
  • Tumor Burden (drug effects)

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