Pharmacokinetics of posaconazole prophylaxis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Abstract

Antifungal prophylaxis is routinely given to patients with hematologic malignancies at high risk for invasive fungal infections (IFI), yet breakthrough IFI may still occur. Posaconazole emerged as an excellent alternative for fungal prophylaxis in high-risk patients. There is limited data about pharmacokinetics and plasma concentrations of posaconazole when given as prophylaxis in patients with hematologic malignancies. We recruited 20 adult patients for prospective, open label trial of posaconazole given as a prophylaxis in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing induction chemotherapy or first salvage therapy. The median age of all patients was 65 years and received prophylaxis for a median of 38 days (range: 5-42 days).Ten patients (50%) completed 42 days on posaconazole prophylaxis. Median plasma posaconazole levels showed no statistical difference across gender, body surface area, patients developing IFI, and patients acquiring grade 3 or 4 elevation of liver enzymes. However, there was an overall trend for higher trough concentrations among patients with no IFI than those with IFI. Pharmacokinetics of posaconazole varies from patient to patient, and AML patients receiving induction chemotherapy who never develop IFI tend to have higher plasma concentrations after oral administration of posaconazole.

• Authors: Gloria Mattiuzzi, Musa Yilmaz, Hagop Kantarjian, Gautam Borthakur, Marina Konopleva, Elias Jabbour, Yolanda Brown, Sherry Pierce, Jorge Cortes
• Journal: Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy (J Infect Chemother) Vol. 21 Issue 9 Pg. 663-7 (Sep 2015) ISSN: 1437-7780 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 26141814 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antifungal Agents
• Triazoles
• posaconazole

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Antifungal Agents (adverse effects, blood, pharmacokinetics)
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols (therapeutic use)
• Female
• Humans
• Induction Chemotherapy
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute (blood, drug therapy)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Mycoses (prevention & control)
• Prospective Studies
• Salvage Therapy
• Triazoles (adverse effects, blood, pharmacokinetics)