Is it possible to make a diagnosis of raw, heated, and baked egg allergy in children using cutoffs? A systematic review.

Abstract

The diagnosis of IgE-mediated egg allergy lies both on a compatible clinical history and on the results of skin prick tests (SPTs) and IgEs levels. Both tests have good sensitivity but low specificity. For this reason, oral food challenge (OFC) is the ultimate gold standard for the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature in order to identify, analyze, and synthesize the predictive value of SPT and specific IgEs both to egg white and to main egg allergens and to review the cutoffs suggested in the literature. A total of 37 articles were included in this systematic review. Studies were grouped according to the degree of cooking of the egg used for OFC, age, and type of allergen used to perform the allergy workup. In children <2 years, raw egg allergy seems very likely when SPTs with egg white extract are ≥4 mm or specific IgEs are ≥1.7 kUA /l. In children ≥2 years, OFC could be avoided when SPTs with egg white extract are ≥10 mm or prick by prick with egg white is ≥14 mm or specific IgE is ≥7.3 kUA /l. Likewise, heated egg allergy can be diagnosed if SPTs with egg white extract are >5 and >11 mm in children <2 and ≥2 years, respectively. Further and better-designed studies are needed to determine the remaining diagnostic cutoff of specific IgE and SPT for heated and baked egg allergy.

• Authors: Mauro Calvani, Stefania Arasi, Annamaria Bianchi, Davide Caimmi, Barbara Cuomo, Arianna Dondi, Giovanni Cosimo Indirli, Stefania La Grutta, Valentina Panetta, Maria Carmen Verga
• Journal: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (Pediatr Allergy Immunol) Vol. 26 Issue 6 Pg. 509-21 (Sep 2015) ISSN: 1399-3038 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 26102461 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review, Systematic Review)
• Copyright: © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Egg Proteins, Dietary
• Immunoglobulin E

Topics

• Adolescent
• Age Factors
• Biomarkers (blood)
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Cooking
• Egg Hypersensitivity (blood, diagnosis, immunology)
• Egg Proteins, Dietary (adverse effects, immunology)
• Egg White (adverse effects)
• Humans
• Immunoglobulin E (blood, immunology)
• Infant
• Intradermal Tests (standards)
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Raw Foods (adverse effects)
• Serologic Tests (standards)