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Performance of rapid tests for discrimination between HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infections.

Abstract
Major differences exist between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in terms of epidemiology, pathogenicity, sensitivity to antiretrovirals. Determining the type of HIV infecting a patient is essential for management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of simple/rapid tests to differentiate between HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infections. We analyzed 116 samples from patients infected with HIV-1 (n = 61), HIV-2 (n = 47), or HIV-1+HIV-2 (n = 8) at the chronic stage of infection. Each sample was tested with SD Bioline HIV-1/2 3.0, ImmunoFlow HIV1-HIV2, ImmunoFlow HIV1-HIV2 (WB), Genie III HIV-1/HIV-2, ImmunoComb HIV1&2 BiSpot. HIV-1, or HIV-2 single infection was identified with a sensitivity ranging from 90% to 100%. The ability to detect dual infection was less sensitive (12.5-100%). SD Bioline HIV-1/2 3.0, ImmunoFlow HIV1-HIV2, and Genie III were unable to detect HIV-1 group O infection in one, one and two cases, respectively. The specificity of detection of HIV-1, HIV-2, or HIV-1+HIV-2 antibodies differed greatly (36-100%). ImmunoComb BiSpot had the highest sensitivity values (99-100% for HIV-1, 98% for HIV-2, and 75-87.5% for dual infection) and specificity values (94-100% for HIV-1, 100% for HIV-2, and 97-100% for dual infection). In conclusion, this study showed that no single rapid test had a perfect sensitivity/specificity ratio, particularly in the case of the double infections.
AuthorsAgnès Gautheret-Dejean, Jonathan Bocobza, Sylvie Brunet, Florence Damond, Jean-Christophe Plantier, Francis Barin
JournalJournal of medical virology (J Med Virol) Vol. 87 Issue 12 Pg. 2061-6 (Dec 2015) ISSN: 1096-9071 [Electronic] United States
PMID26081750 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Evaluation Study, Journal Article)
Copyright© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics
  • Clinical Laboratory Techniques (methods)
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Diagnostic Tests, Routine (methods)
  • HIV Infections (diagnosis, virology)
  • HIV-1 (isolation & purification)
  • HIV-2 (isolation & purification)
  • Humans
  • Sensitivity and Specificity

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