Successful within-patient dose escalation of olipudase alfa in acid sphingomyelinase deficiency.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Olipudase alfa, a recombinant human acid sphingomyelinase (rhASM), is an investigational enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for patients with ASM deficiency [ASMD; Niemann-Pick Disease (NPD) A and B]. This open-label phase 1b study assessed the safety and tolerability of olipudase alfa using within-patient dose escalation to gradually debulk accumulated sphingomyelin and mitigate the rapid production of metabolites, which can be toxic. Secondary objectives were pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and exploratory efficacy.

METHODS:

Five adults with nonneuronopathic ASMD (NPD B) received escalating doses (0.1 to 3.0 mg/kg) of olipudase alfa intravenously every 2 weeks for 26 weeks.

RESULTS:

All patients successfully reached 3.0mg/kg without serious or severe adverse events. One patient repeated a dose (2.0 mg/kg) and another had a temporary dose reduction (1.0 to 0.6 mg/kg). Most adverse events (97%) were mild and all resolved without sequelae. The most common adverse events were headache, arthralgia, nausea and abdominal pain. Two patients experienced single acute phase reactions. No patient developed hypersensitivity or anti-olipudase alfa antibodies. The mean circulating half-life of olipudase alfa ranged from 20.9 to 23.4h across doses without accumulation. Ceramide, a sphingomyelin catabolite, rose transiently in plasma after each dose, but decreased over time. Reductions in sphingomyelin storage, spleen and liver volumes, and serum chitotriosidase activity, as well as improvements in infiltrative lung disease, lipid profiles, platelet counts, and quality of life assessments, were observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study provides proof-of-concept for the safety and efficacy of within-patient dose escalation of olipudase alfa in patients with nonneuronopathic ASMD.

• Authors: Melissa P Wasserstein, Simon A Jones, Handrean Soran, George A Diaz, Natalie Lippa, Beth L Thurberg, Kerry Culm-Merdek, Elias Shamiyeh, Haig Inguilizian, Gerald F Cox, Ana Cristina Puga
• Journal: Molecular genetics and metabolism (Mol Genet Metab) 2015 Sep-Oct Vol. 116 Issue 1-2 Pg. 88-97 ISSN: 1096-7206 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 26049896 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Lipids
• Recombinant Proteins
• Sphingomyelins
• Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase
• olipudase alfa

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Biomarkers (metabolism)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Enzyme Replacement Therapy
• Female
• Humans
• Lipids (blood)
• Liver (drug effects, metabolism)
• Lung (drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A (drug therapy)
• Recombinant Proteins (administration & dosage, adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase (administration & dosage, adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Sphingomyelins (pharmacokinetics)
• Young Adult