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Cytokine Profiles from Antigen-Stimulated Whole-Blood Samples among Patients with Pulmonary or Nonmeningeal Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis.

Abstract
The outcome of coccidioidomycosis depends on a robust specific cellular immune response. A T-helper type 1 (Th1) cellular immune response has been previously associated with resolution of clinical illness. However, the precise elements of this response and whether cytokines not involved with the Th1 response play a role in coccidioidomycosis are not known. Whole-blood samples were obtained from subjects with active coccidioidomycosis and controls and incubated for 18 h with T27K, a coccidioidal antigen preparation. The supernatant was then assayed for gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A. A total of 43 subjects, 16 with acute pneumonia, 9 with pulmonary sequelae of nodules and cavities, and 18 with nonmeningeal disseminated coccidioidomycosis, were studied. Compared to concentrations in healthy immune and nonimmune donors, the median concentration of IL-17A was significantly higher in those with active coccidioidomycosis (for both, P < 0.01). In addition, IL-6 concentrations were higher while IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations were significantly lower in those with nonmeningeal disseminated disease diagnosed within 12 months than in those with acute pneumonia (for all, P < 0.05). The cytokine profile among patients with active coccidioidomycosis is distinct in that IL-17A is persistently present. In addition, those with nonmeningeal disseminated disease have an increased inflammatory cytokine response and diminished Th1 responses that modulate over time.
AuthorsNeil M Ampel, Lance A Nesbit, Chinh T Nguyen, Suzette Chavez, Kenneth S Knox, Suzanne M Johnson, Demosthenes Pappagianis
JournalClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI (Clin Vaccine Immunol) Vol. 22 Issue 8 Pg. 917-22 (Aug 2015) ISSN: 1556-679X [Electronic] United States
PMID26041038 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
CopyrightCopyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Chemical References
  • Antigens, Fungal
  • Cytokines
Topics
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antigens, Fungal (immunology)
  • Blood (immunology)
  • Coccidioides (immunology)
  • Coccidioidomycosis (immunology)
  • Cytokines (metabolism)
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Leukocytes, Mononuclear (immunology)
  • Male
  • Middle Aged

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