Abstract | BACKGROUND: The efficacy of epidural and facet joint injections has been assessed utilizing multiple solutions including saline, local anesthetic, steroids, and others. The responses to these various solutions have been variable and have not been systematically assessed with long-term follow-ups. METHODS: Randomized trials utilizing a true active control design were included. The primary outcome measure was pain relief and the secondary outcome measure was functional improvement. The quality of each individual article was assessed by Cochrane review criteria, as well as the criteria developed by the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) for assessing interventional techniques. An evidence analysis was conducted based on the qualitative level of evidence (Level I to IV). RESULTS: CONCLUSION:
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Authors | Laxmaiah Manchikanti, Devi E Nampiaparampil, Kavita N Manchikanti, Frank J E Falco, Vijay Singh, Ramsin M Benyamin, Alan D Kaye, Nalini Sehgal, Amol Soin, Thomas T Simopoulos, Sanjay Bakshi, Christopher G Gharibo, Christopher J Gilligan, Joshua A Hirsch |
Journal | Surgical neurology international
(Surg Neurol Int)
Vol. 6
Issue Suppl 4
Pg. S194-235
( 2015)
ISSN: 2229-5097 [Print] United States |
PMID | 26005584
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
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