Dietary patterns are associated with metabolic risk factors in South Asians living in the United States.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

South Asians are at high risk of metabolic syndrome, and dietary patterns may influence this risk.

OBJECTIVES:

We aimed to determine prevalent dietary patterns for South Asians in the United States and their associations with risk factors for metabolic syndrome.

METHODS:

South Asians aged 40-84 y without known cardiovascular disease were enrolled in a community-based cohort called Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America. A validated food frequency questionnaire and serum samples for fasting and 2-h glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and total and HDL cholesterol were collected cross-sectionally. We used principal component analysis with varimax rotation to determine dietary patterns, and sequential linear and logistic regression models for associations with metabolic factors.

RESULTS:

A total of 892 participants were included (47% women). We identified 3 major dietary patterns: animal protein; fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy; and fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. These were analyzed by tertile of factor score. The highest vs. the lowest tertile of the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy pattern was associated with higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: 1.88 mmol/L ⋅ uIU/L) and lower HDL cholesterol (β: -4.48 mg/dL) in a model adjusted for age, sex, study site, and caloric intake (P < 0.05). The animal protein pattern was associated with higher body mass index (β: 0.73 m/kg(2)), waist circumference (β: 0.84 cm), total cholesterol (β: 8.16 mg/dL), and LDL cholesterol (β: 5.69 mg/dL) (all P < 0.05). The fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes pattern was associated with lower odds of hypertension (OR: 0.63) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.53), and lower HOMA-IR (β: 1.95 mmol/L ⋅ uIU/L) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

The animal protein and the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy patterns were associated with adverse metabolic risk factors in South Asians in the United States, whereas the fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes pattern was linked with a decreased prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

• Authors: Meghana D Gadgil, Cheryl A M Anderson, Namratha R Kandula, Alka M Kanaya
• Journal: The Journal of nutrition (J Nutr) Vol. 145 Issue 6 Pg. 1211-7 (Jun 2015) ISSN: 1541-6100 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25904730 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
• Copyright: © 2015 American Society for Nutrition.

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Cholesterol, HDL
• Cholesterol, LDL
• Hemoglobins
• Insulin
• Triglycerides

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Asian People
• Blood Glucose (metabolism)
• Cardiovascular Diseases (ethnology, prevention & control)
• Cholesterol, HDL (blood)
• Cholesterol, LDL (blood)
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Dairy Products
• Energy Intake
• Fasting
• Feeding Behavior
• Female
• Fruit
• Hemoglobins (metabolism)
• Humans
• Insulin (blood)
• Linear Models
• Logistic Models
• Male
• Metabolic Syndrome (ethnology, prevention & control)
• Middle Aged
• Principal Component Analysis
• Risk Factors
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Triglycerides (blood)
• United States (epidemiology)
• Vegetables