AST-120 ameliorates lowered exercise capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscle from mice with chronic kidney disease via reducing oxidative stress.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Exercise capacity and quality of life are markedly impaired in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Increased plasma uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate (IS), which induce oxidative stress, may be involved in this process. An oral adsorbent, AST-120, can reduce circulating IS, however, its effects on skeletal muscle and exercise capacity have not been investigated in CKD.

METHODS:

Subtotal-nephrectomy or sham operation was performed in 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice. They were divided into two groups with or without 8% (w/w) of AST-120 in standard diet for 20 weeks. Sham, Sham + AST-120, CKD and CKD + AST-120 (n = 12, each group) were studied. We also conducted a C2C12 cell culture study to determine the direct effects of IS on oxidative stress.

RESULTS:

Plasma IS levels were significantly increased in CKD compared with Sham (1.05 ± 0.11 versus 0.21 ± 0.03 mg/dL, P <0.05), which was significantly ameliorated in CKD + AST-120 (0.41 ± 0.06 mg/dL). The running distance to exhaustion determined by treadmill tests was significantly reduced in CKD compared with Sham (267 ± 17 versus 427 ± 36 m, P <0.05), and this reduction was also significantly ameliorated in CKD + AST-120 (407 ± 38 m) without altering skeletal muscle weight. Citrate synthase activity and mitochondrial biogenesis gene were downregulated, and superoxide production was significantly increased in the skeletal muscle from CKD, and these changes were normalized in CKD + AST-120. Incubation of C2C12 cells with IS significantly increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity.

CONCLUSIONS:

The administration of AST-120 improved exercise capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis of skeletal muscle via reducing oxidative stress. AST-120 may be a novel therapeutic agent against exercise intolerance in CKD.

• Authors: Mikito Nishikawa, Naoki Ishimori, Shingo Takada, Akimichi Saito, Tomoyasu Kadoguchi, Takaaki Furihata, Arata Fukushima, Shouji Matsushima, Takashi Yokota, Shintaro Kinugawa, Hiroyuki Tsutsui
• Journal: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association (Nephrol Dial Transplant) Vol. 30 Issue 6 Pg. 934-42 (Jun 2015) ISSN: 1460-2385 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 25878055 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Oxides
• Superoxides
• Carbon
• AST 120
• Indican

Topics

• Animals
• Carbon (pharmacology)
• Indican (pharmacology)
• Male
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Muscle, Skeletal (drug effects, physiology)
• Myoblasts (cytology, drug effects, metabolism)
• Oxidation-Reduction
• Oxidative Stress (drug effects)
• Oxides (pharmacology)
• Physical Conditioning, Animal
• Quality of Life
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic (metabolism, pathology, prevention & control)
• Superoxides (metabolism)