Wogonin is a
flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis root and has multiple pharmacological effects, including anticancer effects. Recent studies have shown that
wogonin induces cell cycle arrest and reverses multi-drug resistance in the human K562
leukemia cell line. However, its pharmacological function in the apoptosis of
leukemia cells remains unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that
wogonin can induce apoptosis in the HL-60
leukemia cell line. In the present study, the HL-60 cells were treated with different doses of
wogonin (0-150 µM).
Wogonin inhibited the viability of HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry and analyses of
caspase and PARP-1 activation and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of
wogonin on HL-60 cells was mediated by
caspase-dependent and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis.
Wogonin also induced the expression of certain members of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway (CHOP,
GRP94 and
GRP78) and the activation of multiple branches of ER stress transducers (IRE1α, PERK-eIF2α and ATF6) in the HL-60 cells. In addition,
wogonin reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT in the HL-60 cells. Furthermore, constitutive activation of AKT induced by adenoviral vectors inhibited the pro-apoptotic effects and ER stress induced by
wogonin in the HL-60 cells. In summary, our results indicated that
wogonin induced apoptosis and ER stress in HL-60 cells, which was mediated by the inhibition of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.