Palonosetron versus older 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for nausea prevention in patients receiving chemotherapy: a multistudy analysis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

No clinical standard currently exists for the optimal management of nausea induced by emetogenic chemotherapy, 7particularly delayed nausea.

OBJECTIVES:

To compare the effcacy and safety of palonosetron with older 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (RAs) in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea.

METHODS:

Data were pooled from 4 similarly designed multicenter, randomized, double-blind, clinical trials that compared single intravenous doses of palonosetron 0.25 mg or 0.75 mg with ondansetron 32 mg, dolasetron 100 mg, or granisetron 40 μg/kg, administered 30 minutes before moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) or highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). Pooled data within each chemotherapy category (MEC: n = 1,132; HEC: n = 1,781) were analyzed by a logistic regression model. Nausea endpoints were complete control rates (ie, no more than mild nausea, no vomiting, and no rescue medication), nausea-free rates, nausea severity, and requirement for rescue antiemetic/antinausea medication over 5 days following chemotherapy. Pooled safety data were summarized descriptively.

RESULTS:

Numerically more palonosetron-treated patients were nausea-free on each day, and fewer had moderate-severe nausea. Similarly, usage of rescue medication was less frequent among palonosetron-treated patients. Complete control rates for palonosetron and older 5-HT3 RAs in the acute phase were 66% vs 63%, 52% vs 42% in the delayed phase (24-120 hours), and 46% vs 37% in the overall phase. The incidence of adverse events was similar for palonosetron and older 5-HT3 RAs.

LIMITATIONS:

This post hoc analysis summarized data for palonosetron and several other 5-HT3 RAs but was not powered for statistical comparisons between individual agents. Because nausea is inherently subjective, the reliability of assessments of some aspects (eg, severity) may be infuenced by interindividual variability.

CONCLUSION:

Palonosetron may be more effective than older 5-HT3 RAs in preventing nausea, with comparable tolerability.

DISCLOSURES AND FUNDING:

Dr Schwartzberg is a consultant to and Dr Cox an employee at Esai. Mr Ballinari is a member of staff at and Dr Thorn consults for Helsinn Healthcare SA. Funding to support this study and the preparation of this manuscript was provided by Eisai Inc.

• Authors: Gary R Morrow, Lee Schwartzberg, Sally Y Barbour, Gianluca Ballinari, Michael D Thorn, David Cox
• Journal: The Journal of community and supportive oncology (J Community Support Oncol) Vol. 12 Issue 7 Pg. 250-8 (Jul 2014) ISSN: 2330-7749 [Print] United States
• PMID: 25830233 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: 2014 FrontlineMedical Communications.