International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVI. Pattern recognition receptors in health and disease.

Abstract	Since the discovery of Toll, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, as the first described pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in 1996, many families of these receptors have been discovered and characterized. PRRs play critically important roles in pathogen recognition to initiate innate immune responses that ultimately link to the generation of adaptive immunity. Activation of PRRs leads to the induction of immune and inflammatory genes, including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. It is increasingly clear that many PRRs are linked to a range of inflammatory, infectious, immune, and chronic degenerative diseases. Several drugs to modulate PRR activity are already in clinical trials and many more are likely to appear in the near future. Here, we review the different families of mammalian PRRs, the ligands they recognize, the mechanisms of activation, their role in disease, and the potential of targeting these proteins to develop the anti-inflammatory therapeutics of the future.
Authors	Clare E Bryant, Selinda Orr, Brian Ferguson, Martyn F Symmons, Joseph P Boyle, Tom P Monie
Journal	Pharmacological reviews (Pharmacol Rev) Vol. 67 Issue 2 Pg. 462-504 ( 2015) ISSN: 1521-0081 [Electronic] United States
PMID	25829385 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
Copyright	Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
Chemical References	Inflammasomes Ligands Protein Isoforms Receptors, Pattern Recognition
Topics	Animals Cell Membrane (enzymology, metabolism) Chronic Disease Endosomes (enzymology, metabolism) Humans Inflammasomes (metabolism) International Agencies Ligands Mitochondrial Membranes (enzymology, metabolism) Models, Molecular Mutation Pharmacology (trends) Pharmacology, Clinical (trends) Protein Isoforms (chemistry, classification, metabolism) Protein Processing, Post-Translational Receptors, Pattern Recognition (chemistry, classification, genetics, metabolism) Signal Transduction Societies, Scientific Terminology as Topic

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