Clinical therapeutics for phenylketonuria.

Abstract

Phenylketonuria was amongst the first of the metabolic disorders to be characterised, exhibiting an inborn error in phenylalanine metabolism due to a functional deficit of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. It affects around 700,000 people around the globe. Mutations in the gene coding for hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase cause this deficiency resulting in elevated plasma phenylalanine concentrations, leading to cognitive impairment, neuromotor disorders and related behavioural symptoms. Inception of low phenylalanine diet in the 1950s marked a revolution in the management of phenylketonuria and has since been a vital element of all therapeutic regimens. However, compliance to dietary therapy has been found difficult and newer supplement approaches are being examined. The current development of gene therapy and enzyme replacement therapeutics may offer promising alternatives for the management of phenylketonuria. This review outlines the pathological basis of phenylketonuria, various treatment regimes, their associated challenges and the future prospects of each approach. Briefly, novel drug delivery systems which can potentially deliver therapeutic strategies in phenylketonuria have been discussed.

• Authors: Jaspreet Singh Kochhar, Sui Yung Chan, Pei Shi Ong, Lifeng Kang
• Journal: Drug delivery and translational research (Drug Deliv Transl Res) Vol. 2 Issue 4 Pg. 223-37 (Aug 2012) ISSN: 2190-393X [Print] United States
• PMID: 25787029 (Publication Type: Journal Article)