Abstract |
Expression of innate immune receptors varies among organs and species and within different strains among the same species; thus, periodic classification of different pattern recognition receptors in the available strains is necessary to initiate different therapeutic approaches to combat inflammation. On characterization of TLR-4 in spleen and thymus of Swiss albino mice--with no reports of TLR-4 expression--induced with endotoxemia, it was found that the mode of expression varied among the organs at both mRNA and protein level in a time-dependent manner. Their functionality was verified by measuring proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the in vitro study using isolated macrophages and lymphocytes from the same organs, the expression of TLR-4 after a shorter period of LPS stimulation was verified. The results substantiated the potent role of macrophage on LPS challenge compared to lymphocytes. The diverse pattern of TLR-4 expression on different cell population indicated their distinct functional activity in LPS- endotoxemia. It may be hypothesized that the expression patterns of TLR-4 could be different based on the anatomical localization and the varying bacterial milieu or bacterial endotoxin encountered in each anatomical location. Thus, blocking TLR-4 or administering IL-6 or IL-10 might impart protection against endotoxemia in the clinical field.
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Authors | Chandrayee Ghosh, Biswadev Bishayi |
Journal | Journal of immunology research
(J Immunol Res)
Vol. 2015
Pg. 137981
( 2015)
ISSN: 2314-7156 [Electronic] Egypt |
PMID | 25759837
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Culture Media, Conditioned
- Cytokines
- Inflammation Mediators
- Lipopolysaccharides
- RNA, Messenger
- Toll-Like Receptor 4
- C-Reactive Protein
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Topics |
- Animals
- C-Reactive Protein
- Culture Media, Conditioned
(metabolism)
- Cytokines
(blood)
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endotoxemia
(genetics, immunology, metabolism, pathology)
- Gene Expression
- Immunomodulation
- Inflammation Mediators
(blood)
- Lipopolysaccharides
(immunology)
- Lymphocytes
(immunology, metabolism)
- Macrophages
(immunology, metabolism)
- Male
- Mice
- RNA, Messenger
(genetics, metabolism)
- Spleen
(immunology, metabolism, pathology)
- Thymus Gland
(immunology, metabolism, pathology)
- Toll-Like Receptor 4
(genetics, metabolism)
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