[Gut microbiota, host defense and immunity: analysis with integrative omics approach].

Abstract

Complex host-gut microbiota interaction is involved in the formation of a unique ecosystem in our body, the "gut ecosystem". In order to understand the complex gut ecosystem, we propose integrated multi-omics approach, where multiple layers of unbiased cyclopedic analyses such as genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics are combined. Applying this approach, we have revealed the mechanism that gut microbiota-derived acetate, a short-chain fatty acid, protects mice from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157-infectious death. We have also shown that butyrate produced by gut microbiota such as order Clostridiales promotes differentiation of regulatory T cells from naïve T cells in colonic lamina propria, through epigenetic modification. Epigenetic modification by butyrate also acts on colonic macrophages to confer anti-inflammatory phenotype by rendering them hyporesponsive to Toll-like receptor signaling. Short-chain fatty acids also signal via their G protein-coupled receptors. For example, it has been suggested that gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids absorbed in the blood play a role in regulation of systemic inflammation by inducing apoptosis of neutrophils as well as chemotaxis of regulatory T cells.

• Authors: Hiroshi Ohno
• Journal: Nihon Rinsho Men'eki Gakkai kaishi = Japanese journal of clinical immunology (Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi) Vol. 37 Issue 5 Pg. 403-11 ( 2014) ISSN: 1349-7413 [Electronic] Japan
• PMID: 25744640 (Publication Type: English Abstract, Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Acetates
• Butyrates
• Fatty Acids, Volatile
• Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
• Toll-Like Receptors

Topics

• Acetates
• Animals
• Apoptosis (immunology)
• Butyrates (metabolism)
• Escherichia coli Infections (immunology)
• Escherichia coli O157 (immunology)
• Fatty Acids, Volatile (immunology, physiology)
• Gene Expression Profiling
• Genomics
• Humans
• Intestines (immunology, microbiology)
• Metabolomics
• Mice
• Microbiota (immunology)
• Neutrophils (immunology)
• Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled (immunology)
• Signal Transduction (immunology)
• Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (immunology)
• T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory (immunology)
• Toll-Like Receptors (immunology)