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Dietary flaxseed independently lowers circulating cholesterol and lowers it beyond the effects of cholesterol-lowering medications alone in patients with peripheral artery disease.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
Dietary flaxseed lowers cholesterol in healthy subjects with mild biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
OBJECTIVE:
The aim was to investigate the effects of dietary flaxseed on plasma cholesterol in a patient population with clinically significant CVD and in those administered cholesterol-lowering medications (CLMs), primarily statins.
METHODS:
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial examined the effects of a diet supplemented for 12 mo with foods that contained either 30 g of milled flaxseed [milled flaxseed treatment (FX) group; n = 58] or 30 g of whole wheat [placebo (PL) group; n = 52] in a patient population with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Plasma lipids were measured at 0, 1, 6, and 12 mo.
RESULTS:
Dietary flaxseed in PAD patients resulted in a 15% reduction in circulating LDL cholesterol as early as 1 mo into the trial (P = 0.05). The concentration in the FX group (2.1 ± 0.10 mmol/L) tended to be less than in the PL group (2.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L) at 6 mo (P = 0.12), but not at 12 mo (P = 0.33). Total cholesterol also tended to be lower in the FX group than in the PL group at 1 mo (11%, P = 0.05) and 6 mo (11%, P = 0.07), but not at 12 mo (P = 0.24). In a subgroup of patients taking flaxseed and CLM (n = 36), LDL-cholesterol concentrations were lowered by 8.5% ± 3.0% compared with baseline after 12 mo. This differed from the PL + CLM subgroup (n = 26), which increased by 3.0% ± 4.4% (P = 0.030) to a final concentration of 2.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L.
CONCLUSIONS:
Milled flaxseed lowers total and LDL cholesterol in patients with PAD and has additional LDL-cholesterol-lowering capabilities when used in conjunction with CLMs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00781950.
AuthorsAndrea L Edel, Delfin Rodriguez-Leyva, Thane G Maddaford, Stephanie Pb Caligiuri, J Alejandro Austria, Wendy Weighell, Randolph Guzman, Michel Aliani, Grant N Pierce
JournalThe Journal of nutrition (J Nutr) Vol. 145 Issue 4 Pg. 749-57 (Apr 2015) ISSN: 1541-6100 [Electronic] United States
PMID25694068 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Copyright© 2015 American Society for Nutrition.
Chemical References
  • Anticholesteremic Agents
  • Cholesterol, HDL
  • Cholesterol, LDL
  • Plant Preparations
  • Triglycerides
Topics
  • Adult
  • Anticholesteremic Agents (pharmacology)
  • Cholesterol, HDL (blood)
  • Cholesterol, LDL (blood)
  • Diet
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Endpoint Determination
  • Female
  • Flax (chemistry)
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Peripheral Arterial Disease (drug therapy)
  • Phytotherapy
  • Plant Preparations (pharmacology)
  • Platelet Aggregation (drug effects)
  • Seeds (chemistry)
  • Triglycerides (blood)

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