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Positron-emitting myocardial blood flow tracers and clinical potential.

Abstract
Positron-emitting myocardial flow radiotracers such as (15)O-water, (13)N-ammonia and (82)Rubidium in conjunction with positron-emission-tomography (PET) are increasingly applied in clinical routine for coronary artery disease (CAD) detection, yielding high diagnostic accuracy, while providing valuable information on cardiovascular (CV) outcome. Owing to a cyclotron dependency of (15)O-water and (13)N-ammonia, their clinical use for PET myocardial perfusion imaging is limited to a few centers. This limitation could be overcome by the increasing use of (82)Rubidium as it can be eluted from a commercially available (82)Strontium generator and, thus, is independent of a nearby cyclotron. Another novel F-18-labeled myocardial flow radiotracer is flurpiridaz which has attracted increasing interest due to its excellent radiotracer characteristics for perfusion and flow imaging with PET. In particular, the relatively long half-life of 109 minutes of flurpiridaz may afford a general application of this radiotracer for PET perfusion imaging comparable to technetium-99m-labeled single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The ability of PET in conjunction with several radiotracers to assess myocardial blood flow (MBF) in ml/g/min at rest and during vasomotor stress has contributed to unravel pathophysiological mechanisms underlying coronary artery disease (CAD), to improve the detection and characterization of CAD burden in multivessel disease, and to provide incremental prognostic information in individuals with subclinical and clinically-manifest CAD. The concurrent evaluation of myocardial perfusion and MBF may lead to a new era of a personalized, image-guided therapy approach that may offer potential to further improve clinical outcome in CV disease patients but needing validation in large-scale clinical trials.
AuthorsThomas H Schindler
JournalProgress in cardiovascular diseases (Prog Cardiovasc Dis) 2015 May-Jun Vol. 57 Issue 6 Pg. 588-606 ISSN: 1873-1740 [Electronic] United States
PMID25637500 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
CopyrightCopyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemical References
  • Radiopharmaceuticals
Topics
  • Coronary Artery Disease (diagnostic imaging, physiopathology)
  • Coronary Circulation
  • Coronary Vessels (diagnostic imaging, physiopathology)
  • Humans
  • Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (methods)
  • Positron-Emission Tomography
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prognosis
  • Radiopharmaceuticals (pharmacokinetics)
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

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