The prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced
ovarian cancer by antiangiogenic
therapy has been shown in several clinical trials. However, although an anti-
VEGF antibody (
bevacizumab) is the only option currently available, its efficacy is limited and it is not cost effective for use in all patients. Therefore, the development of a novel antiangiogenic drug, especially composed of small-molecule compounds, could be a powerful armament for
ovarian cancer treatment. As NF-κB signaling has the potential to regulate
VEGF expression, we determined to identify whether
VEGF expression is associated with NF-κB activation and to investigate the possibility of a novel IKKβ inhibitor,
IMD-0354 (IMMD Inc.), as an antiangiogenic drug. Tissue microarrays from 94
ovarian cancer tissues were constructed and immunohistochemical analyses performed. We revealed that IKK phosphorylation is an independent prognostic factor (PFS: 26.1 vs. 49.8 months, P = 0.011), and is positively correlated with high
VEGF expression. In in vitro analyses,
IMD-0354 robustly inhibited adhesive and invasive activities of
ovarian cancer cells without impairing cell viabilities.
IMD-0354 significantly suppressed
VEGF production from
cancer cells, which led to the inhibition of angiogenesis. In a xenograft model, the treatment of
IMD-0354 significantly inhibited peritoneal dissemination with a marked reduction of intratumoral blood vessel formation followed by the inhibition of
VEGF expression from
cancer cells.
IMD-0354 is a stable small-molecule drug and has already been administered safely to humans in other trials. Antiangiogenic
therapy targeting IKKβ is a potential future option to treat
ovarian cancer.