Cystoscopic findings: a video tutorial.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS:

Cystoscopy is frequently performed by gynecologists to ensure ureteral patency and to prevent bladder injury when performing concomitant gynecological procedures. Generally, there are no additional findings on cystoscopy; however, when abnormalities arise, they may require either observation or intervention. Our aim was to create a visual library of benign, malignant, and foreign-body pathological conditions incidentally encountered on cystoscopy.

METHOD:

Cystoscopic findings were videotaped at the time of routine surgical care. Regarding Institutional Review Board approval, individual consent was waived as the videos were de-identified and collected for educational purposes.

RESULTS:

Benign pathological conditions: squamous metaplasia, duplicated ureteral orifice, ureterocele, Hutch diverticulum, bladder trabeculation, urachal cyst, interstitial cystitis with and without Hunner's lesion, endometriosis in the bladder, port-wine stain due to Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome, nephrogenic (mesonephric) metaplasia, and cystitis glandularis (intestinal metaplasia). Malignant pathological conditions: papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), carcinoma in situ (CIS), high-grade urothelial carcinoma, and urachal cancer. Foreign-body pathological conditions: edema from ureteral stents and stone-encrusted mesh.

CONCLUSION:

This video is intended to educate the audience on some incidental bladder findings seen on female cystoscopy. Many pathological conditions can be biopsied or treated immediately during the procedure; hence, early urology consultation is encouraged for most abnormalities.

• Authors: Sara M Lenherr, Erin C Crosby, Anne P Cameron
• Journal: International urogynecology journal (Int Urogynecol J) Vol. 26 Issue 6 Pg. 921-3 (Jun 2015) ISSN: 1433-3023 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 25619539 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Video-Audio Media)

Topics

• Cystitis, Interstitial (diagnosis)
• Cystoscopy
• Female
• Foreign Bodies (diagnosis)
• Gynecologic Surgical Procedures
• Humans
• Incidental Findings
• Intraoperative Complications (prevention & control)
• Urethra (physiopathology)
• Urinary Bladder (injuries, pathology, physiopathology)
• Urinary Bladder Diseases (diagnosis)
• Urinary Bladder Neoplasms (diagnosis)