We report here the symptoms of
diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA)
poisoning recorded over 10 years since the DPAA contamination of the potable well water was first detected in the Kamisu City, Ibaraki Prefecture, in 2003. The
poisoning symptoms associated with the cerebellum and brainstem included nystagmus,
tremors,
myoclonus, and
cerebellar ataxia as well as the symptoms associated with the temporal and occipital lobes such as memory impairment,
sleep disorder, and visual disturbance. Some of the affected children exhibited
mental retardation. Moreover, reduced blood flow and reduced
glucose metabolism in the cerebella, brainstem, and temporal and occipital lobes persisted for several years among the DPAA-exposed persons. Based on the animal studies for DPAA intoxication, the target organs for the DPAA toxicity were determined to be the central nervous system (CNS), liver, and biliary system. In particular, DPAA tends to persist in the brain for a long time, resulting in long-term impacts on the brain. The cerebral blood flow and brain
glucose metabolism, which can be measured by positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), respectively, are useful objective
clinical markers to determine the effect of DPAA on CNS. We believe that continuous monitoring of the DPAA-exposed people may promote the effect of
carcinogen and accelerate brain aging.