The antitumor activity of
prostaglandin (PG) D2 has been demonstrated against some types of
cancer, including
gastric cancer. However, exogenous
PGD2 is not useful from a clinical point of view because it is rapidly metabolized in vivo. The aim of this study was to clarify the antitumor efficacy of an alternative,
PGD synthase (PGDS), on
gastric cancer cells. The effects of
PGD2 and PGDS on the proliferation of
gastric cancer cells were examined in vivo and in vitro. The expression levels of
PGD2 receptors and
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were evaluated by RT-PCR. The effects of a PPARγ antagonist or siPPARγ on the proliferation of
cancer cells and the c-myc and
cyclin D1 expression were examined in the presence or absence of
PGD2 or PGDS. PPARγ was expressed in
gastric cancer cell lines, but
PGD2 receptors were not.
PGD2 and PGDS significantly decreased the proliferation of
gastric cancer cells that highly expressed PPARγ. PGDS increased the
PGD2 production of
gastric cancer cells. A PPARγ antagonist and siPPARγ transfection significantly suppressed the growth-inhibitory effects of
PGD2 and PGDS. Expression of c-myc and
cyclin D1 was significantly decreased by
PGD2 ; this inhibitory effect was suppressed by PPARγ antagonist. Both
PGD2 and PGDS significantly decreased subcutaneous
tumor growth in vivo.
Tumor volume after PGDS treatment was significantly less than
PGD2 treatment. These findings suggest that PGDS and
PGD2 decrease the proliferation of
gastric cancer cells through PPARγ signaling. PGDS is a potentially promising therapeutic agent for
gastric cancers that express PPARγ.