Abstract | BACKGROUND: METHODS: We did a retrospective secular trend study, analysed as an interrupted time series, to investigate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis on the incidence of infective endocarditis in England. We analysed data for the prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis from Jan 1, 2004, to March 31, 2013, and hospital discharge episode statistics for patients with a primary diagnosis of infective endocarditis from Jan 1, 2000, to March 31, 2013. We compared the incidence of infective endocarditis before and after the introduction of the NICE guidelines using segmented regression analysis of the interrupted time series. FINDINGS: Prescriptions of antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis fell substantially after introduction of the NICE guidance (mean 10,900 prescriptions per month [Jan 1, 2004, to March 31, 2008] vs 2236 prescriptions per month [April 1, 2008, to March 31, 2013], p<0·0001). Starting in March, 2008, the number of cases of infective endocarditis increased significantly above the projected historical trend, by 0·11 cases per 10 million people per month (95% CI 0·05-0·16, p<0·0001). By March, 2013, 35 more cases per month were reported than would have been expected had the previous trend continued. This increase in the incidence of infective endocarditis was significant for both individuals at high risk of infective endocarditis and those at lower risk. INTERPRETATION: Although our data do not establish a causal association, prescriptions of antibiotic prophylaxis have fallen substantially and the incidence of infective endocarditis has increased significantly in England since introduction of the 2008 NICE guidelines. FUNDING: Heart Research UK, Simplyhealth, and US National Institutes of Health.
|
Authors | Mark J Dayer, Simon Jones, Bernard Prendergast, Larry M Baddour, Peter B Lockhart, Martin H Thornhill |
Journal | Lancet (London, England)
(Lancet)
Vol. 385
Issue 9974
Pg. 1219-28
(Mar 28 2015)
ISSN: 1474-547X [Electronic] England |
PMID | 25467569
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
|
Copyright | Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
- Clindamycin
- Amoxicillin
|
Topics |
- Administration, Oral
- Adult
- Aged
- Amoxicillin
(administration & dosage)
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
(administration & dosage)
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
(statistics & numerical data, trends)
- Clindamycin
(administration & dosage)
- Dental Care
(adverse effects)
- Drug Prescriptions
(statistics & numerical data)
- Endocarditis
(epidemiology, etiology, prevention & control)
- England
(epidemiology)
- Female
- Humans
- Incidence
- Interrupted Time Series Analysis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Practice Guidelines as Topic
- Retrospective Studies
|