Borax partially prevents neurologic disability and oxidative stress in experimental spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of borax on ischemia/reperfusion injury of the rat spinal cord.

METHODS:

Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups: sham (no ischemia/reperfusion), ischemia/reperfusion, and borax (ischemia/reperfusion + borax); each group was consist of 7 animals. Infrarenal aortic cross clamp was applied for 30 minutes to generate spinal cord ischemia. Animals were evaluated functionally with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scoring system and inclined-plane test. The spinal cord tissue samples were harvested to analyze tissue concentrations of nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase activity, xanthine oxidase activity, total antioxidant capacity, and total oxidant status and to perform histopathological examination.

RESULTS:

At the 72nd hour after ischemia, the borax group had significantly higher Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan and inclined-plane scores than those of ischemia/reperfusion group. Histopathological examination of spinal cord tissues in borax group showed that treatment with borax significantly reduced the degree of spinal cord edema, inflammation, and tissue injury disclosed by light microscopy. Xanthine oxidase activity and total oxidant status levels of the ischemia/reperfusion group were significantly higher than those of the sham and borax groups (P < .05), and total antioxidant capacity levels of borax group were significantly higher than those of the ischemia/reperfusion group (P < .05). There was not a significantly difference between the sham and borax groups in terms of total antioxidant capacity levels (P > .05). The nitric oxide levels and nitric oxide synthase activity of all groups were similar (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Borax treatment seems to protect the spinal cord against injury in a rat ischemia/reperfusion model and improve neurological outcome.

• Authors: Emine Rabia Koc, Emre Cemal Gökce, Mehmet Akif Sönmez, Mehmet Namuslu, Aysun Gökce, A Said Bodur
• Journal: Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association (J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis) Vol. 24 Issue 1 Pg. 83-90 (Jan 2015) ISSN: 1532-8511 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25440351 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antioxidants
• Borates
• Neuroprotective Agents
• borax
• Nitric Oxide
• Xanthine Oxidase

Topics

• Animals
• Antioxidants (metabolism)
• Borates (therapeutic use)
• Locomotion (drug effects)
• Male
• Nervous System Diseases (etiology, pathology, prevention & control)
• Neuroprotective Agents (therapeutic use)
• Nitric Oxide (metabolism)
• Oxidative Stress (drug effects)
• Rats
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley
• Reperfusion Injury (complications, pathology)
• Spinal Cord Ischemia (etiology, pathology, prevention & control)
• Xanthine Oxidase (metabolism)