A high-fat diet and NAD(+) activate Sirt1 to rescue premature aging in cockayne syndrome.

Abstract

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is an accelerated aging disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration caused by mutations in genes encoding the DNA repair proteins CS group A or B (CSA or CSB). Since dietary interventions can alter neurodegenerative processes, Csb(m/m) mice were given a high-fat, caloric-restricted, or resveratrol-supplemented diet. High-fat feeding rescued the metabolic, transcriptomic, and behavioral phenotypes of Csb(m/m) mice. Furthermore, premature aging in CS mice, nematodes, and human cells results from aberrant PARP activation due to deficient DNA repair leading to decreased SIRT1 activity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, β-hydroxybutyrate levels are increased by the high-fat diet, and β-hydroxybutyrate, PARP inhibition, or NAD(+) supplementation can activate SIRT1 and rescue CS-associated phenotypes. Mechanistically, CSB can displace activated PARP1 from damaged DNA to limit its activity. This study connects two emerging longevity metabolites, β-hydroxybutyrate and NAD(+), through the deacetylase SIRT1 and suggests possible interventions for CS.

• Authors: Morten Scheibye-Knudsen, Sarah J Mitchell, Evandro F Fang, Teruaki Iyama, Theresa Ward, James Wang, Christopher A Dunn, Nagendra Singh, Sebastian Veith, Md Mahdi Hasan-Olive, Aswin Mangerich, Mark A Wilson, Mark P Mattson, Linda H Bergersen, Victoria C Cogger, Alessandra Warren, David G Le Couteur, Ruin Moaddel, David M Wilson 3rd, Deborah L Croteau, Rafael de Cabo, Vilhelm A Bohr
• Journal: Cell metabolism (Cell Metab) Vol. 20 Issue 5 Pg. 840-855 (Nov 04 2014) ISSN: 1932-7420 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25440059 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• NAD
• Parp1 protein, mouse
• Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
• Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
• Sirt1 protein, mouse
• Sirtuin 1
• 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid

Topics

• 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid (metabolism)
• Aging, Premature (diet therapy, etiology, metabolism, pathology)
• Animals
• Cell Line
• Cockayne Syndrome (complications, metabolism, pathology)
• Diet, High-Fat
• Enzyme Activation
• Humans
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Mitochondria (metabolism, pathology)
• NAD (metabolism)
• Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
• Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases (metabolism)
• Sirtuin 1 (metabolism)