Danshensu, a type of dihydroxyphenyl
lactic acid, is one of the most abundant active phenolic
acids in the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhizae (Lamiaceae)--widely used
traditional Chinese medicine. The effects of
danshensu on platelet aggregation and
thrombus formation in rats were examined using various methods. It was found that
danshensu significantly reduced
thrombus weight in 2 experimental
thrombosis models; dose-dependent inhibition of
adenosine diphosphate (
ADP) and
arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation occurred in normal and blood stasis-induced rats;
Danshensu also significantly mitigated blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and hematocrit levels. Moreover,
danshensu significantly inhibited
venous thrombosis-induced expression of cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) rather than cyclooxygenases-1(COX-1) in the venous walls, down regulated
thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and up regulated 6-keto
prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α), normalizing the TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio. In addition,
danshensu did not induce gastric lesions and even had protective effects on
aspirin-induced
ulcer formation at doses as high as 60 mg/kg. These findings suggest that the antithrombotic and antiplatelet aggregation effects of
danshensu are attributed to its highly selective inhibition of COX-2 and ability to normalize the
thromboxane A2(TXA2)/
prostacyclin(PGI2) balance. These findings suggest that
danshensu have great prospects in antithrombotic and antiplatelet
therapy.